The beginnings of the State Library of Western Australia were in a grant of £5000 by the Legislative Assembly in August 1886 to celebrate Queen Victoria's Jubilee. In 1904, the Victoria Public Library was renamed the Public Library of Western Australia to avoid confusion with its Melbourne counterpart.
The Library Board of Western Australia Act of 1951 formally established the State Library of Western Australia, with the first State Librarian appointed in 1953.